Leadership Types

Types or styles of leadership

1. Autocratic or authoritarian leadership
2. Participative or Democratic leadership
3. Free – Rein or Laissez – Faire leadership

Autocratic or authoritarian leadership: An autocratic leader is the one who likes to run the show himself. He takes all decision himself without consulting the followers. He gives orders and insists that they be obeyed. Subordinates are expected to do what they are told.

Advantage of Autocratic leader ship are:

• Quick decision are taken by a single person (leader)
• It provides strong motivation and satisfaction the leader.

Participative or democratic leadership: A democratic leader makes decision in consultation with his followers. He decentralized authority and allows the group to share his power. Instead of taking unilateral decision, he allows the subordinates to discuss the problem and to express their opinion freely.

Advantage of democratic leadership are:

• It reduce resistance to change and increase acceptance of new ideas
• It improves the attitudes of employees towards their jobs and the organization.

Free – Rein or Laissez – Faire leadership: A free – rein leader gives complete freedom to his followers to establish their own goals and policies. He does not les and avoids power.

Advantage of free – rein leadership are:

• Complete free don to subordinates improves their motivation and morale.
• There is maximum opportunity for the development of the subordinates.

Elements of Delegation

Elements of Delegation:

The following are the three elements of delegation:

1. Assignment of duties or responsibilities: This work is being done only at the time, when a superior has no time to accomplish all the work. The superior automatically assign the work to subordinates.
2. Delegation of authority: If the work is assigned to any subordinate, there will be a need for to accomplish it.
3. Accountability: Accountability means that the subordinate is answerable to his immediate superior. If the subordinates has not accomplished the work then superior is answerable to the management.

Delegation

Delegation is the process which enables a person to assign a work to others and delegate them with adequate authority to do it.

Other Definition of Delegation are

1. According to Mc Farland, “Delegation is the primary formal mechanism by which the network of authority relationship established”.
2. According to Hodge and Johnson, “A process whereby a superior divides his total work assignment between himself and subordinate manager or operative personal in order to achieve other operative and management specialization”.
3. According to Terry, “conferring authority from the executive or organizational unit to another in order to accomplish particular assignment”.

Management by Objective MBO

Management by Objective (MBO) 

MBO is a systematic and organized approach that allows management to focus on achievable goals and to attain the best possible results for available resources.

Management by objective aims to increase organizational performance by aligning goals and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. Ideally, employees get strong input to identify their objectives, timelines for completion, etc. MBO includes ongoing tracking and feedback in the process to reach objectives.

Management by objectives (MBO) is the process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are in the organization.

The term management by objectives was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book “The practice of Management”

Principles of planning

Principles of planning

1. Principle of contribution of objectives
2. Principle of efficiency of plants
3. Principle of primacy of planning
4. Principle of planning premises
5. Principle of policy framework
6. Principle of timing
7. Principle of alternative
8. Principle of limiting factor
9. Principle of commitment
10. Principle of flexibility
11. Principle of navigational change
12. Principle of competitive strategies

Planning Defination

Planning is defined as the course for action for the future. In other words "Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done. It involves the selection of objectives, policies and programs from among alternatives".

Steps involved in the process of planning:

1. Analyzing the environment 
2. Establishing objectives
3. Determining planning premises
4. Developing alternative courses of action
5. Dvaluation alternatives
6. Selecting the best course
7. Formulating derivative plans

Types of plans

1. Objectives
2. Policy
3. Procedure
4. Rules
5. Budget
6. Project
7. Strategy